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This Special Issue aims to provide an updated overview of the flourishing ongoing research activity in the field of the chemistry of natural and nature-inspired compounds. Ten of the submitted articles were accepted for publication after peer-review. Interestingly, the published papers cover a wide range of chemical reactions, different scaffolds, and several medicinal chemistry applications. Moreover, this Special Issue gathered contributions from all over the world, testifying the international scientific community’s interest in this topic. I would like to sincerely thank the MDPI staff, particularly Jade Lu and the editorial team of Molbank. I am particularly grateful to the authors that decided to share the results of their research by contributing their manuscript to this Special Issue, and, of course, to the reviewers for their valuable help.

Research & information: general --- quercetin --- flavonoids --- semi-synthetic --- PDE --- sildenafil --- molecular modeling --- Garcinia porrecta --- Clusiaceae --- xanthone --- Lansium domesticum --- Meliaceae --- MCF-7 --- triterpene onoceranoid --- hydrazone --- (+)-camphor --- valproic acid --- technology --- terpenoid --- anticonvulsant activity --- 1,2,3-triazole --- anticancer --- aminoquinoline --- hybrid compound --- kokosanolide --- tetranortriterpenoid --- C. dichotoma --- antidiabetic --- α-glucosidase --- α-amylase --- docking --- ADMET --- curcumin analog --- organic synthesis --- photophysical properties --- steady-state fluorescence --- DFT calculation --- 7-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one --- O-acylation reaction --- coumarin --- lupeol derivative --- benzylidene derivative --- α-glucosidase inhibition --- Oxone® --- n/a

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and was accountable for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Nowadays, about 1 in 6 deaths in the world is due to cancer. Another major global public health issue is HIV. Over 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus and about 35 million people have died of HIV-related illness, since the start of the epidemic. We have been fighting against these two serious diseases by finding successful treatments. The discovery of effective drugs is important for fighting cancer and HIV. Natural products, which are secondary metabolites produced by various living organisms, have been playing a principal role in drug discovery and developments, because of their structural and biological diversity. Many clinically used drugs have come from natural products; for example, more than 60% of anticancer drugs currently in clinical use are derived from natural sources. This Special Issue aims to collect original research and review articles focusing on notable and recent contributions to the discovery and development of novel anticancer and anti-HIV drug candidates from natural sources. Up-to-date knowledge from various research fields is welcome. This could be of great interest for scientists working in different research areas, such as natural product chemistry, including isolation and structural elucidation; phytochemistry; medicinal chemistry, including chemically modified natural compounds with improved biological activity; pharmacology; molecular biology; mechanisms of action study using natural products or related compounds; pharmacognosy, etc. Biological studies of natural extracts without an appropriate chemical characterization may not be considered.

Research & information: general --- natural phaeosphaeride A --- antitumor activity --- human tumor cell lines --- HEF cell line --- acute toxicity --- aspidosperma-type --- monoterpenoid indole alkaloids --- antiproliferative activity --- tubulin inhibitor --- Bousigonia mekongensis --- ursolic acid --- DOTA --- triterpenoids --- cytotoxicity --- diterpenoid alkaloids --- human tumor cells --- lipojesaconitine --- delcosine --- delpheline --- kobusine --- pseudokobusine --- BRAF inhibitor --- Mentha aquatica var. Kenting Water Mint --- essential oil --- chemoprevention --- two-stage skin carcinogenesis --- melanoma --- curcumin analog --- apoptosis --- oxidative stress --- drug–drug interaction --- tamoxifen --- taxol --- cisplatin --- Artemisia absinthium L. --- antioxidants --- total phenolic content --- melanoma and breast cancer cell line --- HaCaT cells --- inflammation --- breast cancer --- cell cycle --- flavonoids --- reactive oxygen species --- tumor suppression --- antiretroviral agents --- anti-HIV --- marine metabolites --- natural products --- drug development --- Ivalin --- Carpesium divaricatum --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- mitochondria-mediated apoptosis --- NF-κB --- Hernandia nymphaeifolia --- butanolides --- lignan glycosides --- coumarins --- antiangiogenic --- cancer --- natural agents --- chemistry --- medicine --- cancer stem cell --- cervical cancer --- pterostilbene --- resveratrol --- caffeic acid --- cancer multidrug resistance --- P-glycoprotein --- phenolic acid --- oxypeucedanin --- Angelica dahurica --- antiproliferation --- G2/M phase cell cycle arrest --- p53 --- SK-Hep-1 --- hepatoma cells --- allyl isothiocyanate --- benzyl isothiocyanate --- sulforaphane --- phenethyl isothiocyanate --- bladder cancer --- quercetin --- oral squamous cell carcinoma cells --- metastasis --- cell cycle arrest --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinase --- transforming growth factor-β1 --- β-lapachone

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• Reference Manager
• EndNote
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and was accountable for an estimated 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Nowadays, about 1 in 6 deaths in the world is due to cancer. Another major global public health issue is HIV. Over 70 million people have been infected with the HIV virus and about 35 million people have died of HIV-related illness, since the start of the epidemic. We have been fighting against these two serious diseases by finding successful treatments. The discovery of effective drugs is important for fighting cancer and HIV. Natural products, which are secondary metabolites produced by various living organisms, have been playing a principal role in drug discovery and developments, because of their structural and biological diversity. Many clinically used drugs have come from natural products; for example, more than 60% of anticancer drugs currently in clinical use are derived from natural sources. This Special Issue aims to collect original research and review articles focusing on notable and recent contributions to the discovery and development of novel anticancer and anti-HIV drug candidates from natural sources. Up-to-date knowledge from various research fields is welcome. This could be of great interest for scientists working in different research areas, such as natural product chemistry, including isolation and structural elucidation; phytochemistry; medicinal chemistry, including chemically modified natural compounds with improved biological activity; pharmacology; molecular biology; mechanisms of action study using natural products or related compounds; pharmacognosy, etc. Biological studies of natural extracts without an appropriate chemical characterization may not be considered.

natural phaeosphaeride A --- antitumor activity --- human tumor cell lines --- HEF cell line --- acute toxicity --- aspidosperma-type --- monoterpenoid indole alkaloids --- antiproliferative activity --- tubulin inhibitor --- Bousigonia mekongensis --- ursolic acid --- DOTA --- triterpenoids --- cytotoxicity --- diterpenoid alkaloids --- human tumor cells --- lipojesaconitine --- delcosine --- delpheline --- kobusine --- pseudokobusine --- BRAF inhibitor --- Mentha aquatica var. Kenting Water Mint --- essential oil --- chemoprevention --- two-stage skin carcinogenesis --- melanoma --- curcumin analog --- apoptosis --- oxidative stress --- drug–drug interaction --- tamoxifen --- taxol --- cisplatin --- Artemisia absinthium L. --- antioxidants --- total phenolic content --- melanoma and breast cancer cell line --- HaCaT cells --- inflammation --- breast cancer --- cell cycle --- flavonoids --- reactive oxygen species --- tumor suppression --- antiretroviral agents --- anti-HIV --- marine metabolites --- natural products --- drug development --- Ivalin --- Carpesium divaricatum --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- mitochondria-mediated apoptosis --- NF-κB --- Hernandia nymphaeifolia --- butanolides --- lignan glycosides --- coumarins --- antiangiogenic --- cancer --- natural agents --- chemistry --- medicine --- cancer stem cell --- cervical cancer --- pterostilbene --- resveratrol --- caffeic acid --- cancer multidrug resistance --- P-glycoprotein --- phenolic acid --- oxypeucedanin --- Angelica dahurica --- antiproliferation --- G2/M phase cell cycle arrest --- p53 --- SK-Hep-1 --- hepatoma cells --- allyl isothiocyanate --- benzyl isothiocyanate --- sulforaphane --- phenethyl isothiocyanate --- bladder cancer --- quercetin --- oral squamous cell carcinoma cells --- metastasis --- cell cycle arrest --- epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition --- matrix metalloproteinase --- transforming growth factor-β1 --- β-lapachone